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Frontiers in Microbiology 2021BAX inhibitor 1 (BI-1) is an evolutionarily conserved transmembrane protein first identified in a screening process for human proteins that suppress BAX-induced...
BAX inhibitor 1 (BI-1) is an evolutionarily conserved transmembrane protein first identified in a screening process for human proteins that suppress BAX-induced apoptosis in yeast cells. Eukaryotic BI-1 is a cytoprotective protein that suppresses cell death induced by multiple stimuli in eukaryotes. , the causative agent of brucellosis that threatens public health and animal husbandry, contains a conserved gene that encodes BI-1-like protein. To explore the role of the homolog of BI-1, BrBI, in S2, we constructed the deletion mutant strain and its complemented strain. deletion altered the membrane properties of S2 and decreased its resistance to acidic pH, HO, polymyxin B, and lincomycin. Additionally, deleting led to defective growth, cell division, and viability in S2. We then revealed the effect of deletion on the physiological characteristics of S2 via integrated transcriptomic and proteomic analyses. The integrated analysis showed that deletion significantly affected the expression of multiple genes at the mRNA and/or protein levels. Specifically, the affected divisome proteins, FtsB, FtsI, FtsL, and FtsQ, may be the molecular basis of the impaired cell division of the mutant strain, and the extensively affected membrane proteins and transporter-associated proteins were consistent with the phenotype of the membrane properties' alterations of the mutant strain. In conclusion, our results revealed that BrBI is a bacterial cytoprotective protein involved in membrane homeostasis, cell division, and stress resistance in S2.
PubMed: 33584633
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.632095 -
Frontiers in Microbiology 2021Brucellae are facultative intracellular coccobacilli causing brucellosis, one of the most widespread bacterial zoonosis affecting wildlife animals, livestock and humans....
Brucellae are facultative intracellular coccobacilli causing brucellosis, one of the most widespread bacterial zoonosis affecting wildlife animals, livestock and humans. The genus comprises classical and atypical species, such as and , respectively. The latter is characterized by increased metabolic activity, fast growth rates, and extreme acid resistance at pH 2.5, suggesting an advantage for environmental survival. In addition, is more acid-tolerant than at the intermediate pH of 4.5. This acid-resistant phenotype of may have major implications for fitness in soil, food products and macrophages. Our study focused on the identification and characterization of acid resistance determinants of and in Gerhardt's minimal medium at pH 4.5 and 7.0 for 20 min and 2 h by comparative RNA-Seq-based transcriptome analysis, validated by RT-qPCR. Results yielded a common core response in both species with a total of 150 differentially expressed genes, and acidic pH-dependent genes regulated specifically in each species. The identified core response mechanisms comprise proton neutralization or extrusion from the cytosol, participating in maintaining physiological intracellular pH values. Differential expression of 441 genes revealed species-specific mechanisms in with rapid physiological adaptation to acid stress, anticipating potential damage to cellular components and critical energy conditions. Acid stress-induced genes encoding cold shock protein CspA, pseudogene in , and stress protein Dps were associated with survival of at pH 4.5. response with 284 specifically regulated genes suggested increased acid stress-mediated protein misfolding or damaging, triggering the set-up of repair strategies countering the consequences rather than the origin of acid stress and leading to subsequent loss of viability. In conclusion, our work supports the hypothesis that increased acid stress resistance of is based on selective pressure for the maintenance of functionality of critical genes, and on specific differential gene expression, resulting in rapid adaptation.
PubMed: 34966374
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.794535 -
Microorganisms Mar 2021Brucellosis is a zoonosis caused by different species. Wild boar () could be infected by some species and represents an important reservoir, especially for biovar 2....
Brucellosis is a zoonosis caused by different species. Wild boar () could be infected by some species and represents an important reservoir, especially for biovar 2. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of spp. by serological and molecular assays in wild boar hunted in Tuscany (Italy) during two hunting seasons. From 287 animals, sera, lymph nodes, livers, spleens, and reproductive system organs were collected. Within sera, 16 (5.74%) were positive to both rose bengal test (RBT) and complement fixation test (CFT), with titres ranging from 1:4 to 1:16 (corresponding to 20 and 80 ICFTU/mL, respectively). spp. DNA was detected in four lymph nodes (1.40%), five epididymides (1.74%), and one fetus pool (2.22%). All positive PCR samples belonged to biovar 2. The results of this investigation confirmed that wild boar represents a host for biovar. 2 and plays an important role in the epidemiology of brucellosis in central Italy. Additionally, epididymis localization confirms the possible venereal transmission.
PubMed: 33809073
DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9030582 -
One Health (Amsterdam, Netherlands) Jun 2024Brucellosis is an important zoonotic disease affecting animals and subsistence harvesters in the circumarctic. We investigated recent trends (2015-2022) of brucellosis...
Brucellosis is an important zoonotic disease affecting animals and subsistence harvesters in the circumarctic. We investigated recent trends (2015-2022) of brucellosis seropositivity in caribou () and muskoxen () in the Central Canadian Arctic by using data from community-based wildlife health surveillance programs. The overall sample prevalence of a antibodies was 10.0% ( = 271) in muskoxen and 15.5% ( = 277) in caribou. Sample seroprevalence in muskoxen varied geographically with an increasing trend of exposure on NW Victoria Island (from 0% to 36.8% between 2016 and 2022; Kendall tau = 0.283, = 0.001). The presence of biovar 4 was confirmed by culture from clinical cases in this area. Our results indicate that biovar 4 continues to circulate in the Central Canadian Arctic in caribou and muskoxen and may be now circulating in muskoxen independently from caribou. These findings highlight the need to better understand the ecology and drivers of brucellosis emergence in Arctic multi-host systems.
PubMed: 38590630
DOI: 10.1016/j.onehlt.2024.100712 -
Revista Argentina de Microbiologia 2021The aim of this study was to estimate the diversity and prevalence of both groups of Brucella canis 1 and 2 with and without deletion respectively in different areas of...
The aim of this study was to estimate the diversity and prevalence of both groups of Brucella canis 1 and 2 with and without deletion respectively in different areas of Argentina. A total of 104 bacterial cultures were typed as B. canis strains using the classical biotyping method. Two PCR assays were performed to confirm that all isolates were B. canis and not Brucella suis. The differentiation between groups 1 and 2 was achieved using another PCR assay and the diversity of B. canis isolates was assessed with four MLVA_16 markers. All strains belonged to Group 2. Bruce 09 marker (MLVA_16 assay) showed the greatest diversity. Only Group 2 of B. canis was identified among the strains evaluated. The markers chosen from the MLVA_16 allowed us to detect genetic diversity among the strains of B. canis studied.
Topics: Argentina; Brucella canis; Brucella suis; Brucellosis; Humans; Polymerase Chain Reaction
PubMed: 33176954
DOI: 10.1016/j.ram.2020.06.012 -
Veterinary Medicine and Science May 2022Brucellosis, as a zoonotic disease, mainly occurs in horses by Brucella abortus, Brucella canis and Brucella suis. The disease in equines is often asymptomatic, but the...
BACKGROUND
Brucellosis, as a zoonotic disease, mainly occurs in horses by Brucella abortus, Brucella canis and Brucella suis. The disease in equines is often asymptomatic, but the clinical signs in horses are mostly characterized by bursitis, arthritis and tenosynovitis.
OBJECTIVES
This study, thus, aimed to determine the seroprevalence of brucellosis and its associated risk factors in the Arabian horses of Khuzestan province, South-west Iran.
METHODS
To that end, the blood samples randomly collected from 180 Arabian horses were analyzed for the presence of anti-Brucella antibodies by Rose Bengal plate test (RBPT), serum agglutination test (SAT), 2-mercaptoethanol test (2-ME) and a commercial i-ELISA kit.
RESULTS
The ROC curve analysis showed that the best cut-off point for S/P values in i-ELISA turned out to be 26.25%. The results showed that the overall seroprevalence of brucellosis based on parallel interpretation of the test results was 12.22% (Positive/Tested = 22/180). The prevalence of acute and chronic brucellosis was 8.3 and 3.9%, respectively. The seroprevalence of brucellosis with RBPT and i-ELISA methods was 1.11% (2/180) and 7.22% (13/180), respectively. According to what SAT revealed, 9.44% (17/180) of sera had a titer of 40 or greater, and at 2-ME, 7.22% of samples (13 out of 180 samples) depicted a titer of 40. The results of i-ELISA, SAT and 2-ME were significantly different from those of RBPT (p < 0.01); however, there was no significant difference between i-ELISA, SAT and 2-ME in findings (p > 0.05).
CONCLUSIONS
The results of this study recommend that i-ELISA be used for screening purposes of brucellosis in horses. The findings confirmed that Arabian horses are natural hosts for the Brucellae. It is, thus, necessary to adopt appropriate prevention and control programs by health authorities and horse owners so as to reduce the distribution and transmission of the infection in the regions where brucellosis is prevalent.
Topics: Animals; Antibodies, Bacterial; Brucella abortus; Brucellosis; Horse Diseases; Horses; Mercaptoethanol; Risk Factors; Rose Bengal; Seroepidemiologic Studies
PubMed: 35122678
DOI: 10.1002/vms3.759 -
Infection and Immunity Jan 2023Bacteria use the twin arginine translocator (Tat) system to export folded proteins from the cytosol to the bacterial envelope or to the extracellular environment. As...
Bacteria use the twin arginine translocator (Tat) system to export folded proteins from the cytosol to the bacterial envelope or to the extracellular environment. As with most Gram-negative bacteria, the Tat system of the zoonotic pathogen Brucella spp. is encoded by a three-gene operon, Our attempts, using several different strategies, to create a Brucella suis strain 1330 mutant were all unsuccessful. This suggested that, for B. suis, Tat is essential, in contrast to a recent report for Brucella melitensis. This was supported by our findings that two molecules that inhibit the Pseudomonas aeruginosa Tat system also inhibit B. suis, B. melitensis, and Brucella abortus growth . In a bioinformatic screen of the B. suis 1330 proteome, we identified 28 proteins with putative Tat signal sequences. We used a heterologous reporter assay based on export of the Tat-dependent amidase AmiA by using the Tat signal sequences from the Brucella proteins to confirm that 20 of the 28 candidates can engage the Tat pathway.
Topics: Brucella suis; Bacterial Proteins; Twin-Arginine-Translocation System; Brucella melitensis; Protein Sorting Signals; Arginine
PubMed: 36448838
DOI: 10.1128/iai.00459-22 -
Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic... May 2023Porcine brucellosis, which is caused by biovar (bv) 2, is a re-emerging disease that causes reproductive problems in pigs in Europe. The pathogenesis and lesions of...
Porcine brucellosis, which is caused by biovar (bv) 2, is a re-emerging disease that causes reproductive problems in pigs in Europe. The pathogenesis and lesions of intrauterine infection are poorly characterized; characterization could facilitate the diagnosis and investigation of porcine brucellosis. We collected samples of placentas and fetuses for histologic and microbiologic studies during an outbreak of abortions on a pig-breeding farm in Spain. was cultured from the vaginal swabs obtained from sows that had aborted, some placentas, and fetal tissues (spleen, liver, lung, gastric content); molecular testing confirmed bv 2 infection. Histologically, there was necrotizing and hemorrhagic placentitis; suppurative hepatitis; lymphoid depletion and sinusoidal histiocytosis in the spleen, lymph nodes, and thymus; and bronchointerstitial pneumonia. Hemorrhages were observed in the umbilical cord, heart, kidneys, and brain. We detected by immunohistochemistry (IHC) in all of the placentas and fetal organs studied, specifically in the trophoblasts of the chorionic epithelium, in the cytoplasm of macrophages in the chorionic stroma, and extracellularly in necrotic debris. Furthermore, we assessed the lymphocyte population in the placentas through the use of IHC (anti-CD3, anti- antibodies), revealing that the lymphocytic response was composed of T cells but not B cells.
Topics: Pregnancy; Swine; Animals; Female; Brucella suis; Swine Diseases; Brucellosis; Placenta; Fetus
PubMed: 36988301
DOI: 10.1177/10406387231163867 -
Journal of Clinical Microbiology May 2022
Review
Topics: Animals; Brucella suis; Brucellosis; Dog Diseases; Dogs; Humans
PubMed: 35583368
DOI: 10.1128/jcm.00985-21 -
Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine Dec 2019infection is one of the most serious zoonoses worldwide, affecting humans and domestic and wild animals. Astragalus polysaccharide (APS) is extracted from astragalus,...
infection is one of the most serious zoonoses worldwide, affecting humans and domestic and wild animals. Astragalus polysaccharide (APS) is extracted from astragalus, which exhibits bioactive properties, including immunomodulation and anti-tumour and antiviral activity. The present study revealed that APS treatment promoted macrophage activation, the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-12 and interferon-γ, and clearance in murine macrophages and spleens. APS treatment was also demonstrated to protect the integrity of macrophages during infection with live attenuated strain 2 ( S2). The results from experiments were consistent with the findings from the study, showing the elevated secretion of TNF-α and nitric oxide in APS-treated murine peritoneal macrophages following S2 infection. The current study demonstrated the potential of APS in the control and treatment of infection, and the enhancement of host inflammatory and immune responses.
PubMed: 31777537
DOI: 10.3892/etm.2019.8084